Las empresas transnacionales se han apropiado de un área similar al territorio de Italia para cultivar sus cosechas. El problema consiste en que la tierra pertenecía a los indígenas que no pudieron defenderla por ser pobres.
Coca-Cola y PepsiCo son mencionadas por la organización Oxfam, que lucha contra la hambruna, entre las empresas transnacionales que más han incidido en esta situación. Según el último informe de Oxfam, desde el año 2000 las empresas se han apropiado de 31 millones de hectáreas, firmando cerca de 800 transacciones con inversionistas extranjeros que trabajan contra los intereses de los indígenas. A menudo las empresas reciben las tierras sin pagar compensación a los nativos y en muchos casos recurren a la violencia para levantar sus plantaciones, afirman los autores del informe.
La investigación afirma que las comunidades pobres de muchos países, de Brasil a Camboya, están perdiendo sus hogares para dar paso a los cultivos de azúcar. “Aunque nuestra ‘sed de azúcar’ ha desatado la señal alarma entre los expertos de la salud, Oxfam señala que el hecho de que el comercio de azúcar contribuya a alimentar el problema del acaparamiento de tierras y los conflictos sobre la tierra, estos pasan inadvertidos”, dice el informe.
“Tenemos que estar seguros de que lo que comemos y bebemos no afecta a la gente más pobre y vulnerable en todo el mundo, convirtiéndoles en personas sin hogares o sin tierras”, dice Sally Copley, director de campañas de Oxfam.
Entre las evidencias de casos de acaparamiento de tierras se menciona el caso de la comunidad pesquera del estado de Pernambuco (Brasil) que lucha por acceder a las tierras de cultivo y zonas de pesca de las que fue desalojada de forma violenta en 1998 para dar paso a una central azucarera que suministra azúcar a Coca-Cola y PepsiCo. El otro caso es el de Mato Grosso do Sul (Brasil), donde las plantaciones de Bunge han destruido los bosques de los que las comunidades indígenas dependían para conseguir alimentos.
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