Congresistas republicanos de la Cámara de Representantes de Estados Unidos aprobaron el jueves un polémico proyecto de ley que quitaría la ayuda alimentaria a 3,8 millones de personas en 2014 al hacer más exigentes las condiciones para clasificar al beneficio.
La ley recortaría 40.000 millones de dólares del Programa Asistencial de Nutrición Suplementaria en los próximos diez años, lo que sacaría a 14 millones de personas del programa para 2023, según un informe de la Oficina de Presupuesto del Congreso.
El proyecto de ley haría más estrictas las normas para entrar al programa, que ha tenido un aumento de ingresos con la crisis económica.
Alrededor de 47,6 millones de personas, casi 15% de la población de Estados Unidos, reciben cupones de alimentos, según datos federales de septiembre. En 2007, sólo 26,3 millones de personas —8,7% de la población— recibían los cupones.
El beneficio promedio es de 133,19 dólares por persona cada mes.
La administración Obama dijo el miércoles que vetaría la ley que recorta 5% del presupuesto en cupones alimentarios. Y los demócratas del Senado aseguraron que el proyecto de ley no será aprobado en su cámara.
“En el país más rico del mundo, 1 de 6 personas están en peligro de ir a la cama con hambre cada noche, y la mitad de esas personas son niños. Pero a pesar de las cifras alarmantes —y a pesar de las dificultades en la economía— los republicanos de la Cámara de representantes están determinados en recortar el programa de asistencia alimentaria”, dijo el líder de la mayoría demócrata en el Senado, Harry Reid, el jueves.
Pero los republicanos de la Cámara dicen que su proyecto de ley hace reformas que eliminarán del programa a quienes no deberían estar recibiendo los cupones al cerrar “los huecos que han permitido que personas cuyos recursos monetarios están por encima de los estándares de elegibilidad del programa”, según dice un memorando del líder de la mayoría republicana en la Cámara, Eric Cantor.
Básicamente, la ley les quitaría los beneficios a los “adultos capaces” que no tienen que responder por niños a sólo 3 meses de cupones de alimentos durante un periodo de 3 años, a menos de que también trabajen medio tiempo o que estén en un programa de entrenamiento laboral.
El proyecto de ley también contiene una provisión que les da a los estados la opción de permitir que ciertas familias trabajadores y adultos mayores reciben cupones, incluso si tiene un poco más en bienes de lo que es permitido por las reglas de elegibilidad.
En la mañana del jueves, no era claro si los republicanos tenían los votos suficientes para aprobar el proyecto de ley, pues había oposición de los demócratas y de algunos republicanos, particularmente aquellos de áreas rurales, que silenciosamente cuestionaron el la iniciativa.
Incluso si no se hacen cambios en la ley actual, los cupones alimentarios en noviembre serán reducidos en cerca de 11 dólares por persona al mes, cuando se agote el estímulo por la recesión —parte del paquete de estímulo de 2009— a los cupones.
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