Los teléfonos móviles son cada vez más inteligentes, rápidos y capaces, pero que se termine la batería tan solo unas horas después de haberlos cargado te hace pensar que estarías mejor con dos latas vacías y una cuerda extendida entre ellas.
Con la duración de la batería como la nueva obsesión de muchos usuarios de smartphones, la carrera de los fabricantes está enfocada en innovar formas de prolongar la batería para garantizar que la batería de los dispositivos resista más.
La buena noticia es que los científicos dicen que están en camino de crear baterías que raramente necesitarían recargas e incluso teléfonos que no requieran baterías. La mala noticia es que pasarán varios años antes de que esto ocurra.
Hasta que existan, los fabricantes de teléfonos y dispositivos están buscando soluciones al problema.
Nokia presentó recientemente un teléfono básico cuya batería puede durar más de un mes.
“Eso solo trata los síntomas y parece que nadie tiene la solución al problema subyacente (…) Creo que por eso llamó tanto la atención el teléfono de Nokia. También pone de relieve el desequilibrio entre la sofisticación de tu teléfono y la duración de la batería”, dijo Dylan Reynolds de CNN.
Malik Saadi, analista en jefe de Informa Telecoms & Media, dice que el sector está “adaptándose al problema en vez de resolverlo” y que no hay una innovación a la vista.
“Seguimos viendo la misma tecnología en baterías que vimos en 2003 (…) Típicamente esperamos que la batería completamente cargada dure un día. Aunque la arquitectura de las baterías ha cambiado y la cantidad de celdas que las componen es mayor, la tecnología sigue siendo la misma”, dijo Saadi.
“Necesitamos una batería nueva o revolucionaria, como las celdas de combustible, pero desafortunadamente esas tecnologías no han llegado al mercado por ser caras y demasiado grandes para un teléfono”.
“Los consumidores se están adaptando. Saben que no pueden hacer nada al respecto, así que buscan formas de adaptarse”.
Obtener energía del sol o de tu propio cuerpo
Un mecanismo de adaptación actual es la energía solar. Los teléfonos que cuentan con celdas solares en el dorso han existido desde hace tiempo, pero la carga de energía es tan pequeña que apenas y logran mantener el teléfono en modo de espera.
La empresa francesa Wysips presentó la que supuestamente sería la primera pantalla táctil solar viable. La película fotovoltaica transparente puede instalarse en la mayoría de los smartphones para generar energía y permite que los usuarios usen su dispositivo.
Wypsis indicó que la pantalla de medio milímetro de espesor puede conectarse directamente a la toma de corriente del teléfono y proveer cuatro minutos adicionales de batería por cada 10 minutos de exposición a la luz solar. También puede cargarse con luz artificial.
Aunque esto solo ayuda a prolongar la batería del teléfono, la empresa señala que está trabajando en una tecnología más eficiente que podría instalarse en los teléfonos móviles y tal vez eliminaría la dependencia de la red eléctrica.
A pesar de la sombría opinión de Saadi, las posibles soluciones al problema de la batería empiezan a tomar forma en los laboratorios.
Los científicos del Instituto Tecnológico de Massachusetts (MIT, por sus siglas en inglés) están desarrollando nuevas baterías de larga duración que según ellos serán capaces de cargar completamente un dispositivo en cuestión de segundos.
A través de la nanotecnología, el profesor Joel E. Schindall ha sentado las bases para lo que llama “batería sintética”, una batería que en vez de recurrir a las reacciones químicas, como en las unidades estándar, almacena la carga en un bosque de “nanotubos” de carbono.
En otras partes, algunos innovadores están experimentando con dispositivos que obtienen energía del movimiento del cuerpo humano. Esa tecnología ya se usa para el funcionamiento de relojes, pero llevarla al nivel que requieren los smartphones es más difícil.
Sin embargo, uno de los equipos del Instituto de Tecnología de Georgia desarrolló una nueva técnica que recurre al movimiento corporal, como las pisadas, para generar electricidad estática que puede almacenarse en cantidades que probablemente podrían cargar dispositivos más grandes.
Está claro que esas soluciones están lejos de salir al mercado; sin embargo, como se rumora que Apple está diseñando su muy esperado iWatch con base en una fuente de energía cinética y solar, un mundo sin baterías no es un sueño tan lejano.
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